Audit Logging Setup
Audit logs are the foundation of compliance and incident response. We implement comprehensive audit logging across every layer of your stack — infrastructure, application, data access, and authentication — with tamper-proof storage, efficient search, and compliance-grade retention.
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Infrastructure Audit Logging
CloudTrail captures every AWS API call with caller identity, timestamp, source IP, and parameters. VPC Flow Logs record network traffic metadata. We configure organization-level CloudTrail with management and data events, delivered to a centralized S3 bucket in a log archive account. CloudTrail log file integrity validation ensures logs have not been tampered with. For multi-cloud, we add GCP Audit Logs and Azure Activity Logs with centralized aggregation.
Application-Level Audit Logging
Infrastructure logs show API calls — application logs show business actions. We implement structured audit logging in your application: user login/logout, permission changes, data creation/modification/deletion, configuration changes, and API key management. Each audit event includes: actor identity, action type, target resource, timestamp, source IP, and outcome (success/failure). Log format is standardized JSON for consistent querying across all systems.
Tamper-Proof Storage
Audit logs are worthless if they can be modified or deleted. We store logs in append-only storage: S3 with Object Lock in Compliance mode, or a dedicated log archive account with SCPs preventing log deletion. Log file integrity is verified via CloudTrail digest files or custom hash chains. The log archive account has no cross-account admin access — even if your production account is compromised, audit logs remain intact and admissible as evidence.
Search, Alerting, and Retention
Logs are indexed in OpenSearch, Loki, or CloudWatch Logs Insights for sub-second queries across billions of events. Saved queries cover common audit scenarios: "show all actions by user X in the last 30 days," "show all data deletion events," "show all failed authentication attempts." Real-time alerts trigger on high-risk events: privilege escalation, bulk data access, access from unusual geolocations. Retention follows compliance requirements: 1 year for SOC 2, 6 years for HIPAA, 1 year for PCI DSS.
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