Kubernetes
Kubernetes Monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana
Visibility into your Kubernetes cluster is not optional in production. Prometheus has become the standard for metrics collection in cloud-native environments, and Grafana provides powerful dashboards for visualization. Together, they give you real-time insight into cluster health, application performance, and resource utilization.
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Deploying the kube-prometheus-stack
The fastest path to production monitoring is the kube-prometheus-stack Helm chart, which bundles Prometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager, node-exporter, and kube-state-metrics in a single install. Run `helm install monitoring prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack --namespace monitoring --create-namespace`. Out of the box you get 30+ pre-built Grafana dashboards covering node health, pod metrics, API server latency, and etcd performance. The stack also deploys PrometheusRule resources with sane default alerts for node down, high CPU, disk pressure, and pod crash loops.
Custom Metrics and ServiceMonitors
To scrape metrics from your own applications, expose a `/metrics` endpoint in Prometheus exposition format and create a ServiceMonitor custom resource that tells Prometheus where to find it. The ServiceMonitor selects Services by label and defines the scrape interval and endpoint path. For applications that do not expose Prometheus metrics natively, use exporters: the PostgreSQL exporter, Redis exporter, or blackbox exporter for HTTP probe checks. This lets you monitor every layer of your stack from a single Prometheus instance.
Alerting with Alertmanager
Alertmanager receives alerts from Prometheus and routes them to notification channels: Slack, PagerDuty, email, or webhooks. Define PrometheusRule resources with PromQL expressions like `rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m]) > 0.05` to fire alerts when your error rate exceeds 5%. Configure Alertmanager with routing rules that group related alerts, suppress duplicates, and escalate based on severity. Use inhibition rules to silence downstream alerts when a root cause alert is already firing, reducing alert fatigue.
Grafana Dashboards and Long-Term Storage
Grafana connects to Prometheus as a data source and lets you build dashboards with PromQL queries. Import community dashboards from grafana.com for common workloads. For custom dashboards, use variables to filter by namespace, deployment, or pod. Prometheus retains data for 15 days by default; for long-term storage, integrate with Thanos or Cortex, which provide a Prometheus-compatible query interface backed by object storage like S3. This lets you query months of historical data without inflating local disk usage.
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