Exit nodes are the final relay in the Tor circuit - they make the connection to the destination website on behalf of the Tor user. The exit node's IP is what the destination website sees. Exit nodes are the scarcest resource in the Tor network and contribute disproportionately to Tor's capacity. Macau (East Asia) for exit node operation: Exit nodes under Macau's separate legal system from PRC - more operational flexibility than mainland China but tightening environment. Macau internet exchange with direct Hong Kong connectivity and regional East Asian uplinks. Good Pearl River Delta coverage. Exit nodes receive abuse reports because the exit node IP appears in external services' access logs as the source of Tor user traffic. This is the primary reason exit node operation requires a provider who understands the Tor exit node context and does not terminate service on first abuse complaint. Anubiz Host is familiar with Tor exit node operation and handles abuse reports appropriately.

Complete Tor exit node configuration on Debian/Ubuntu in Macau: ```bash # Install Tor apt update && apt install tor -y # /etc/tor/torrc - exit node configuration Nickname MyExitNode ContactInfo your_contact@example.com ORPort 9001 DirPort 9030 ExitRelay 1 ExitPolicy accept *:80 ExitPolicy accept *:443 ExitPolicy accept *:6660-6667 ExitPolicy reject *:* BandwidthRate 10 MB BandwidthBurst 20 MB RelayBandwidthRate 10 MB ``` **Reduced exit policy** (recommended for first operation): Restrict to ports 80 and 443 only - this covers web traffic and eliminates most abuse vectors (email spam uses SMTP port 25): ``` ExitPolicy accept *:80 ExitPolicy accept *:443 ExitPolicy reject *:* ``` **Full restart after config**: ```bash systemctl restart tor journalctl -u tor -f # Watch logs for successful bootstrap ``` Your exit node becomes visible in the Tor consensus within 24-48 hours after bootstrapping.

Tor exit node operators receive abuse reports because destination services log the exit node IP. Managing these effectively: **Tor Exit Node Notice**: Place an informational page on port 80 of your exit node's IP: ```html

This is a Tor Exit Node

This IP address is a Tor exit node. Traffic from this IP comes from anonymous Tor network users, not from the operator of this server.

For information about Tor, see: https://www.torproject.org/

To exclude Tor from your service, use the Tor Project's exit list: https://check.torproject.org/torbulkexitlist

``` **ARIN/RIPE registration**: Register your exit node IP with the appropriate regional registry abuse contact pointing to your Tor exit notice. This routes abuse inquiries appropriately. **Anubiz Host abuse handling**: Anubiz Host understands Tor exit node operation. Abuse reports are forwarded to you with context. Anubiz Host does not terminate exit nodes on first complaint - reports are evaluated in the context of Tor operation. Exit nodes under Macau's separate legal system from PRC - more operational flexibility than mainland China but tightening environment.

Bandwidth is the most important resource for a Tor exit node. More bandwidth = more users served = greater contribution to the Tor network. **Minimum viable exit node**: 1 vCPU, 512MB RAM, 100Mbps sustained bandwidth. The CPU and RAM requirements for Tor relay operation are low - bandwidth is the binding constraint. **High-capacity exit node**: 1-2 vCPU, 1-2GB RAM, 500Mbps-1Gbps sustained bandwidth. At this level, your node becomes a meaningful Tor network contributor. **Anubiz Host configurations for Macau exit nodes**: - Tor Hosting Basic at $25.74/mo: Suitable for small exit node operation - Iceland VPS line from $22.99/mo: Full KVM VPS with dedicated bandwidth allocation - Romania VPS Start at $49.99/mo: Higher bandwidth allocation for significant exit node operation Macau internet exchange with direct Hong Kong connectivity and regional East Asian uplinks. Good Pearl River Delta coverage. **Bandwidth accounting**: Monitor monthly bandwidth usage. Tor can consume significant bandwidth if no BandwidthRate limit is set. Start with a conservative limit (10 MB/s = 80 Mbps) and increase as you verify bandwidth allowances.